准噶尔荒漠120种植物粘液繁殖体的甄别与比较   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

宋明方  刘会良  张道远  段士民  王喜勇 《中国沙漠》2009,29(6):1134-1140

用粘沙法对准噶尔荒漠22科81属120种植物进行了粘液繁殖体的甄别和粘沙能力比较试验,结果表明:①共有22种植物具有粘液现象,占总数的18.33%,集中于菊科、十字花科和车前科;②综合浇水2 mm和水浸20 min两种处理结果发现,分泌粘液粘沙后种子重量变化较大的植物有盐生车前、光苞独行菜、庭荠和栉叶蒿等,且对于大多数物种来说,水浸20 min处理时的粘沙量明显高于浇水2 mm处理时的粘沙量;③两种处理结果所得粘沙量大小排序稍有不同,进行平均后得到的顺序是:盐生车前>光苞独行菜>庭荠>栉叶蒿>独行菜>抱茎独行菜>条叶庭荠>条叶车前>小果亚麻荠>小车前>亚麻荠>全缘独行菜>毛果群心菜>播娘蒿>群心菜>四齿芥>油蒿>甘新念珠芥>大蒜芥>多型大蒜芥>棱果芥>山柳菊叶糖芥;④除群心菜、条叶车前、小车前外,其他19种植物的未粘沙种子单粒干重均小于1 mg;粘沙能力与种子单粒干重之间没有显著关系,而单粒干重<0.5 mg的种子其粘沙能力相对较强;⑤粘液繁殖体是某些荒漠植物降低位移、适应流沙或干旱环境的一种有效手段,但在粘沙能力和适应不同粘液溶出条件等方面表现出物种之间的差异性。  相似文献   

云南高原湖泊有色可溶性有机物和颗粒物光谱吸收特性   总被引：9，自引：6，他引：3  

张运林  张恩楼  刘明亮 《湖泊科学》2009,21(2):255-263

云南高原湖泊是我国湖泊分布最密集的五大湖群之一,不但湖泊数量众多而且类型多样.由于湖泊所处位置海拔较高,容易受只益增强UV-B辐射影响.通过对云南高原34个湖泊有色可溶性有机物和颗粒物吸收测定,分析其光谱吸收特性及对总吸收的贡献,有利于深刻理解紫外辐射在高原湖泊内衰减.不同湖泊间CDOM吸收差异明显,其大小与水体营养盐状况相关,CDOM吸收系数与水体总氮存在显著正相关.增加背景项的指数函数模型能最好模拟CDOM光谱吸收.除在浮游植物浓度非常高的杞麓湖、听湖、星云湖,颗粒物吸收系数在675nm附近存在一个吸收蜂外,其它湖泊总颗粒物光谱吸收大致随波长的增加吸收系数逐渐降低,呈现非色素颗粒物光谱吸收特征,整体上颗粒物吸收以非色素颗粒物为主.CDOM对总吸收的贡献主要集中在600nm以下波长,尤其是400nm以下的紫外波段,其在紫外波段(350-400nm)的贡献明显要大于光合有效辐射波段(400-700nm)(ANOVA,P<0.001).特别对于透明度SD≥1.0的清澈型湖泊,CDOM吸收对紫外辐射衰减的贡献更大,其吸收很大程度上决定了紫外辐射的影响深度.  相似文献   

Rotifer abundance, biomass, and secondary production after the recovery of hydrologic connectivity between a river and two marginal lakes (São Paulo, Brazil)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Silvia Maria Caglierani Casanova  Eliana Aparecida Panarelli  Raoul Henry   《Limnologica》2009,39(4):292-301

Rotifera density, biomass, and secondary production on two marginal lakes of Paranapanema River were compared after the recovery of hydrologic connectivity with the river (São Paulo State, Brazil). Daily samplings were performed in limnetic zone of both lakes during the rainy season immediately after lateral inflow of water and, in the dry period, six months after hydrologic connectivity recovery. In order to identify the factors that affect rotifer population dynamics, lake water level, volume, depth, temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, suspended solids, nutrients, and chlorophyll-a were determined. Variations of water physical and chemical factors that affect rotifer population were related to the lake-river degree of connection and to water level rising after drought. The water lateral inflow from the river resulted in an increase in lake water volume, depth, and transparency and a decrease in water pH, alkalinity, and suspended solids. The lake with the wider river connection, more frequent biota exchange, and larger amount of particulate and dissolved materials was richer and more diverse, while rotifer density, biomass, and productivity were lower in both periods studied. Density, biomass, and secondary production were higher in the lake with the smaller river connection and the higher physical and chemical stability. Our results show that the connectivity affects the limnological stability, associated to seasonality. Stable conditions, caused by low connectivity in dry periods, were related with high density, biomass and secondary production. Conversely, instability conditions in rainy periods were associated to elevated richness and diversity values, caused by exchange biota due to higher connectivity.  相似文献   

Remote sensing of volumetric storage changes in lakes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Laurence C. Smith  Tamlin M. Pavelsky 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(10):1353-1358

Three‐dimensional remote sensing promises a giant leap forward for surface‐water hydrology in much the same way that radar altimetry transformed physical oceanography. However, the complex geometries of small terrestrial water bodies introduce difficulties, particularly with respect to trade‐offs between changing water depth and inundation area. We use in situ measurements of water‐surface stage (ΔH/dt) and remotely‐sensed area (A) to compute time varying storage changes (ΔS) in nine lakes of the Peace‐Athabasca Delta, Canada. Despite their identical geomorphic setting, regression slopes between ΔH and A vary significantly between lakes, primarily from a predictable ‘area‐effect’ but also small bathymetric variations between basins. On average, lateral contraction/expansion (versus stage adjustment) contributes as little as 7% (versus 93%) to as much as 76% (versus 24%) of overall storage change ΔS. We conclude that both surface‐area and ΔH/dt, rather than just either alone, must be measured to confidently estimate ΔS from space. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The pit-craters and pit-crater-filling lavas of Masaya volcano     

Andrew J. L. Harris 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2009,71(5):541-558

Lava flowing into a pit crater will become entrapped to form an inactive lava lake. At Masaya volcano (Nicaragua) pit filling lavas are exposed in the walls of Nindiri, Santiago and San Pedro pits. Mapping of these lavas shows that fill can involve emplacement of both ’a’a and pahoehoe, with single fill units ranging in thickness from 2 to 22 m. Thick units with columnar joints were emplaced as simple inactive lava lakes during high effusion rate episodes. Sequences of thinner units, which can form pit floor shields or compound lakes, were emplaced at lower effusion rates. Lava withdrawal caused unsupported sections of three 20-m-thick units to subside, resulting in unit flexure and faulting, and viscous peeling features reveal that subsidence occurred while at least one unit was still partially molten. Where withdrawal has not occurred, fill sequences are flat lying and symmetrically distributed around the feeder structures (cinder cones and dykes). The filled Nindiri pit holds 5 × 10⁷ m³ of lava in a 215-m-thick sequence. Partial fill of Santiago pit with 1 × 10⁷ m³ of lava has filled the pit with a 110-m-thick lava sequence, of which ∼50% has been consumed by formation of a secondary pit. Altogether, 6.4 × 10⁷ m³ of lava was erupted into Nindiri and Santiago during 1525–1965, with 94% of this volume remaining pit-contained; the remainder forms a north flank lava flow field. Pit development and filling is a dynamic and ephemeral process, having short-lived effects on volcano morphology, where pits develop and fill over hours-to-centuries. However, pits play an important role in shaping an edifice, representing lava sinks and controlling whether lavas are trapped or able to spread onto the flanks.  相似文献   

放牧对古尔班通古特沙漠南部半固定沙垄地表性质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王雪芹  张元明  蒋进  杨维康  郭洪旭  胡永锋 《地理学报(英文版)》2009,19(3)

Intensive grazing in spring-summer has been responsible for environmental deg- radation of the Gurbantunggut Desert in recent years. The coverage of plants and biological crusts, sand surface stability and physicochemical characteristics of soil on the dune surface were conducted in 2002 (winter grazing) and 2005 (spring-summer grazing). The results showed that over 80% of the total area of the dune surface was covered by well-developed biological crusts and plants in 2002, when the interdune and middle to lower part of dune slopes were stabilized and only the crest had 10-40 m wide mobile belt. Affected by spring-summer grazing in 2005, over 80% of the total cover of biological crust was destructed and the plant coverage only reached 1/5 of that in 2002, especially the ephemeral plant cover had a great change. The value of sand transport potential in 2005 only reached 1/3 of that in 2002, but the total surface activity in 2005 was 1.6 times stronger than that in 2002. Mean- while the mobile area began to expand from the dune top to the whole dune surface following spring-summer grazing. Compared with 2002, medium sand content of the dune surface soil increased by 13.9%, while that of fine and very fine sands decreased by 7.4% and 8.0% re- spectively in 2005 and the soil organic matter in 2005 was only about 1/2 of that in 2002. It is obvious that the presence of snow cover and frozen soil in winter could avoid the surface structure destruction in winter, while spring--summer grazing made excessive damage to biologic crusts and ephemeral plants. Spring is the main windy season in Gurbantunggut Desert and therefore intensive activity of dune surface occurred following spring-summer grazing, which led to a great loss of fine sand and organic matter. It can be seen that grazing season have a significant influence on the sustainable development of the desert ecosystem in Northwest China.  相似文献   

旅游照片视角下的巴丹吉林沙漠自然美     

吴宝清  吴晋峰  刘佳  吴玉娟 《中国沙漠》2016,36(2):522-532

巴丹吉林沙漠被称为世界最美的沙漠。基于旅游者拍摄的巴丹吉林沙漠自然景观照片,通过设计美感度评价量表,对地理学、材料学和美术学研究生进行访谈调查,获取不同学科背景受访者对巴丹吉林沙漠美感度评价数据。结果表明:①可供人们欣赏的巴丹吉林沙漠自然景观类型丰富多样,包括沙山(沙丘、沙波纹)、湖泊和沙山组合、动物、植物及日出日落等5大类。其中,人们对湖泊和沙山组合型自然景观的评价最高。②巴丹吉林沙漠兼具形象美、色彩美和线条美,且3类美都享有很高的美感度评价。③巴丹吉林沙漠兼具旷美、静谧美、柔美、奇美、苍凉美、幽美、险美、朦胧美和雄美等9类形象美。其中,旷美、静谧美和柔美等3类形象美在巴丹吉林沙漠中体现尤为突出。④令人印象深刻的沙漠色彩包括蓝、黄、绿、白、黑和紫等冷暖色彩。不同色彩通过无色彩对比、无彩色与有彩色对比及冷暖色彩对比,产生令人印象深刻的视觉效果。⑤巴丹吉林沙漠拥有美丽的沙脊线、沙丘链和沙波纹等线条,线条以蛇形线、斜线和水平线等为主。不同类型线条通过组合或重复排列,传达出巴丹吉林沙漠的韵律之美、动态之美和生命之美。⑥巴丹吉林沙漠自然景观对不同群体的吸引力是不同的,群体学科背景差异越大,吸引力差别越显著。最后,提出进一步合理开发利用巴丹吉林沙漠自然景观资源的建议:坚持可持续发展战略,精心呵护巴丹吉林沙漠自然景观;加强旅游宣传与开发,发挥巴丹吉林沙漠美育功能;注重旅游者群体差异分析,进一步细分和扩大旅游市场。  相似文献   

乌兰布和沙漠流动沙丘下风向降尘粒度特征   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

陈新闯  郭建英  董智  李红丽  李锦荣  王合云 《中国沙漠》2016,36(2):295-301

选择乌兰布和沙漠典型流动沙丘进行定点野外观测,分析了沙丘下风向不同距离及不同高度降尘的粒度特征及其来源。结果表明:乌兰布和沙漠降尘空间变化大,降尘以细沙为主,随着距离的增加,细沙物质逐渐减少,粉沙和极细沙含量显著增加。降尘平均粒径2.5~3.1 Φ,且随距离、高度的增加而变大。分选系数随着距离、高度的增加而变差; 2 m高度偏度近乎对称,若设沙丘高度为H,则只有在距离为8 H时正偏,高0.5 m处降尘在距沙丘0.5~1 H近对称,2~8 H皆是正偏;峰度随距离的增加逐渐变窄,且2 m高度的变化晚于0.5 m高度。乌兰布和沙漠降尘以局地物质为主,远源物质及区域物质比例很低。<70 μm的远源物质及区域物质的降尘与下风向距离呈正相关,主要来源于沙漠边缘的荒地、河湖沉积物、农田草地,而>70 μm的局地物质的降尘与下风向距离呈负相关,主要来源于沙丘下垫面沙粒的气流短距离输送。  相似文献   

巴丹吉林沙漠南缘土壤微量元素含量及其与植物群落的关系     

王蒙  董治宝  付鹏  逯军峰  李继彦  罗万银  崔徐甲 《中国沙漠》2016,36(4):1063-1069

对巴丹吉林沙漠南缘北大山（A）和雅布赖山（B）附近的土壤微量元素含量分布特征及其对植被分布的影响进行了研究。结果表明：土壤微量元素含量在0~20cm和20~40cm土层间差异不显著,而在研究区A和B之间的分布异质程度较高;0~20cm土层中,Ba、Ce含量与灌木层多样性指数的关系显著,Ni、Cu、Ga、As、Rb、Pb含量与草本层多样性指数显著相关;20~40cm土层中只有Cu与草本层丰富度指数具有显著负相关关系;逐步多元回归分析同样证实了0~20cm土层Ba、Ce含量对灌木层植被的影响及Ni、Cu含量对草本层植被的影响。  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地土壤热通量变化特征     

张文斌  买买提艾力&#  买买提依明  何清  霍文  杨兴华  杨帆 《中国沙漠》2016,36(6):1666-1671

利用2009-2011年塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站测得的土壤热通量数据,分析了塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地土壤热通量在不同天气条件下的变化特征。结果表明：（1）塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地1 cm处土壤热通量年平均值为1.9 W·m^-2,5、20、40 cm处分别为1.0、0.4、0.4 W·m^-2;1 cm处土壤热通量年最大值为334.1 W·m²,年最小值为-184.2 W·m^-2;土壤热通量基本表现为夏季 > 春季 > 秋季 > 冬季。（2）各土层土壤热通量具有明显的日变化特征。随着土壤深度的加大,土壤热通量的日变化幅度明显减小,最大值出现的时间有一定的滞后性。土壤热通量5 cm出现最大值的时间比1 cm处延迟3 h,延迟速率为0.75 h·cm^-1,20 cm比5 cm出现最大值的时间晚2 h,延迟速率约为0.13 h·cm^-1。（3）不同天气情况下的土壤热通量日变化特征有一定的差异,晴天较为规则,阴天、雨天、沙尘天则较不规则,且1 cm处土壤热通量受天气影响最显著。晴天1 cm处土壤热通量平均值为9.0 W·m^-2;阴天、雨天、沙尘天1 cm处土壤热通量值平均值分别为5.1、-6.1、-1.9 W·m^-2。  相似文献